Women on Asian Banknotes: Heroes & Leaders

In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the need for greater representation of women in various fields, including politics, arts, and literature. In Asia, various countries have honored influential women by featuring them on their banknotes. These women, celebrated for their contributions to their countries in diverse fields such as politics, education, and social reform, have left indelible marks on their societies. This article explores the lives and legacies of these remarkable women.

Bangladesh: Sheikh Hasina Wazed

Sheikh Hasina Wazed is a pivotal figure in Bangladeshi politics and has been a prominent leader in the country's journey towards democracy and development. Born on 29 September 1947, Sheikh Hasina is the daughter of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the founding father of Bangladesh. She has served as the Prime Minister of Bangladesh multiple times, with her leadership marked by significant economic growth and social progress.

Under her administration, Bangladesh has seen remarkable strides in education, healthcare, and women's rights. Sheikh Hasina's dedication to her country and her relentless pursuit of progress have earned her a place on Bangladesh's banknotes, symbolizing her enduring influence on the nation's prosperity. Her policies have focused on poverty reduction, technological advancement, and the empowerment of women, making her tenure transformative for the nation.

Sheikh Hasina Wazed is depicted on the reverse of the 70 Taka commemorative banknote issued in 2018 (Banknote Book B359 Pick 65), the obverse of the 100 Taka commemorative banknote issued in 2022 (Banknote Book BNP307 Pick 70), the obverse of the 50 Taka banknote issued in commemorative 2022 (Banknote Book B364 Pick 72), and the obverse of the 50 Taka commemorative banknote issued in 2023 (Banknote Book B365 Pick 73).

Bhutan: Jetsun Pema

Jetsun Pema, the Queen of Bhutan, is not only admired for her grace and elegance but also her commitment to various social causes. Born on 4 June 1990, Jetsun Pema became the youngest queen in the world when she married King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck in 2011. Her focus on promoting education, environmental conservation, and the welfare of children and women has made her a beloved figure in Bhutan.

Jetsun Pema's initiatives include support for the Tarayana Foundation, which works to improve the lives of rural communities, and her advocacy for sustainable development and environmental preservation. By featuring Jetsun Pema on its banknotes, Bhutan honors her contributions to the country's development and her role in fostering a compassionate and progressive society. Her work embodies the principles of Gross National Happiness, a philosophy that prioritizes the well-being of citizens over economic growth alone.

The Queen of Bhutan is featured on the obverse of the 100 Ngultrum Royal Wedding Commemorative banknote issued in 2011 (Banknote Book BNP201 Pick 35).

Indonesia: Cut Nyak Dhien

Cut Nyak Dhien, also known as Tjoet Nja' Dhien, was a prominent figure in the Indonesian resistance against Dutch colonial rule in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Born in 1848 in Aceh, Dhien became involved in the struggle for independence following the death of her first husband in battle. She remarried Teuku Umar, another resistance leader, and continued to lead guerrilla attacks even after his death.

Cut Nyak Dhien's leadership and unwavering resolve made her a symbol of resistance and courage. Despite facing immense challenges, including the loss of family members and her declining health, she continued to fight for her people's freedom. Commemorating Cut Nyak Dhien on banknotes honors her indomitable spirit and her significant role in Indonesia's fight for independence.

Cut Nyak Dhien or Tjoet Nja' Dhien is featured on the obverse of the 10000 Rupiah introduced in 1998 (Banknote Book B593 Pick 137).

Indonesia: Raden Ajeng Kartini

Raden Ajeng Kartini, born on 21 April 1879, in Java, Indonesia, is widely regarded as a national heroine for her advocacy of women's rights and education. Coming from an aristocratic Javanese family, Kartini was exposed to Western education, which influenced her progressive views on the role of women in society. She is best known for her letters, which were later published in the book "Habis Gelap Terbitlah Terang" ("Out of Dark Comes Light").

Kartini's writings addressed the struggles of Javanese women, particularly their lack of access to education and their confinement to traditional roles. Her advocacy for education and emancipation laid the foundation for the women's rights movement in Indonesia. Featuring Raden Ajeng Kartini on banknotes celebrates her vision and her enduring impact on women's empowerment in Indonesia.

Raden Ajeng Kartini is featured on the obverse of the 5 Rupiah introduced in 1953 (Banknote Book B501 Pick 42) and the 10000 Rupiah introduced in 1985 (Banknote Book B584 Pick 126).

Indonesia: Tjut Meutiah

Tjut Meutiah, a national heroine of Indonesia, is celebrated for her bravery and resistance against Dutch colonial rule. Born in 1870, Tjut Meutiah played a significant role in the Aceh War, leading guerrilla warfare against the colonizers after the death of her husband. Her fierce determination and leadership have made her an enduring symbol of resistance and patriotism in Indonesia.

Tjut Meutiah's legacy is a testament to her unwavering spirit and her fight for Indonesia's independence. Her efforts in mobilizing local communities and her tactical prowess in guerrilla warfare are remembered as crucial elements of the Aceh resistance. Commemorating Tjut Meutiah on banknotes is a tribute to her heroic actions and her steadfast commitment to her people's freedom and dignity.

Tjut Meutiah is featured on the obverse of the 1000 Rupiah banknote introduced in 2016 (Banknote Book B609 Pick 154) and to commemorate the 77th anniversary of independence (Banknote Book B617 Pick 162).

Japan: Ichiyo Higuchi

Ichiyo Higuchi was a pioneering Japanese writer whose works have left a lasting impact on Japanese literature. Born on 2 May 1872, Higuchi is renowned for her short stories that vividly depict the lives of women and the poor during the Meiji era. Despite her short life, Higuchi's literary contributions have earned her immense respect and admiration.

Ichiyo Higuchi's stories, such as "Takekurabe" (Growing Up) and "Nigorie" (Troubled Waters), provide a poignant exploration of the social constraints and hardships faced by women and the lower classes in Japan. Her nuanced portrayal of human emotions and societal issues has cemented her status as a literary icon. Featuring Ichiyo Higuchi on Japanese banknotes honors her legacy as a trailblazing writer who provided profound insights into the societal issues of her time, and her work continues to be studied and celebrated in Japanese literature courses.

Ichiyo Higuchi is featured on the obverse of the 5000 yen first issued in 2004 (Banknote Book B366 Pick 105).

Philippines: Corazon Aquino

Corazon Aquino, the 11th President of the Philippines, is celebrated for her role in restoring democracy in the country after the authoritarian rule of Ferdinand Marcos. Born on 25 January 1933, Aquino's rise to power followed the assassination of her husband, Benigno Aquino Jr., a prominent opposition leader. Her presidency marked a significant shift towards democratic governance and civil liberties in the Philippines.

Corazon Aquino's leadership during the People Power Revolution of 1986, which peacefully overthrew the Marcos regime, is a defining moment in Philippine history. Her administration focused on democratic reforms, human rights, and economic recovery. Corazon Aquino's presence on Philippine banknotes symbolizes her pivotal role in the nation's political history and her enduring legacy as a champion of democracy. Her efforts laid the foundation for subsequent democratic institutions and processes in the country.

Corazon Aquino is depicted on the obverse of various 500 Piso (Peso) banknotes (Banknote Book B1082, B1088, B1093, B1100, and B1104 Pick 210 and to be updated).

Philippines: Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

Gloria Macapagal Arroyo served as the 14th President of the Philippines and is known for her contributions to economic reforms and infrastructure development. Born on 5 April 1947, Arroyo's tenure was marked by efforts to stabilize the economy and improve public services. Despite controversies, her administration implemented various policies aimed at economic growth and poverty alleviation.

Arroyo's significant achievements include her focus on fiscal discipline, the promotion of foreign investment, and the development of critical infrastructure projects. Her leadership during challenging economic times helped the Philippines navigate global financial crises and maintain economic stability. Featuring Gloria Macapagal Arroyo on banknotes acknowledges her impact on the Philippines' economic landscape and her role in shaping the nation's progress through pragmatic and often contentious policies.

Gloria Macapagal Arroyo is featured on the reverse of various 200 Piso (Peso) banknotes (Banknote Book B1047, 1059, and 1065 Pick 195, 203, and 214).

Philippines: Josefa Llanes Escoda

Josefa Llanes Escoda was a social worker, educator, and founder of the Girl Scouts of the Philippines. Born on 20 September 1898, Escoda dedicated her life to advocating for women's rights and social welfare. Her work in empowering women and promoting education has left a lasting legacy in the Philippines.

Escoda's efforts in social work, including her advocacy for equal rights and her leadership in various women's organizations, have made her a revered figure. She played a crucial role in the resistance movement during World War II, providing support to prisoners of war and fighting for freedom. Honoring Josefa Llanes Escoda on banknotes highlights her contributions to social reform and her commitment to the betterment of Filipino society, emphasizing the importance of civic engagement and social justice.

Josefa Llanes Escoda is depicted on the obverse of various 1000 Piso (Peso) banknotes (Banknote Book B1033, B1050, B1051, B1061, B1083, B1089, B1094, and B1101 Pick 174, 186, 197, 205, 211, and to be updated).

Singapore: Alice Pennefather

Alice Pennefather was a renowned sportswoman and a pioneering figure in Singapore's sports history. Born in 1903, Pennefather excelled in multiple sports, including tennis, badminton, and field hockey, during a time when women's participation in sports was limited. Her achievements and dedication to promoting sports have made her an iconic figure in Singapore.

Alice Pennefather's success in national and international competitions broke barriers for women in sports and paved the way for future generations of female athletes in Singapore. Her commitment to excellence and her role in promoting physical education are celebrated as significant contributions to the country's sports culture. Featuring Alice Pennefather on banknotes celebrates her contributions to sports and her role in breaking barriers for women athletes, highlighting the importance of gender equality in all fields.

Alice Pennefather is depicted on the 20-dollar note to commemorate Singapore's bicentennial (Banknote Book B219).

Singapore: Ruth Wong Hie King

Ruth Wong Hie King was an influential educator and the first female principal of a secondary school in Singapore. Born on 13 May 1918, Wong's dedication to education and her innovative teaching methods have had a profound impact on Singapore's education system. Her efforts in advancing education and fostering academic excellence are honored by featuring her on Singapore's banknotes.

Ruth Wong's contributions include the development of new curricula, the promotion of teacher training, and her advocacy for educational reforms. Her legacy as a visionary educator continues to inspire generations of educators and students. Honoring Ruth Wong Hie King on banknotes emphasizes the importance of education in national development and recognizes her pivotal role in shaping Singapore's modern education system.

Ruth Wong Hie King is depicted on the 20-dollar note to commemorate Singapore's bicentennial (Banknote Book B219).

Singapore: Teresa Hsu Chih

Teresa Hsu Chih was a social worker and philanthropist known for her lifelong dedication to helping the underprivileged. Born on 7 July 1898, Hsu founded several charitable organizations and worked tirelessly to provide support to the elderly and needy. Her compassionate work and selfless service have made her a beloved figure in Singapore.

Teresa Hsu's initiatives, such as the Heart to Heart Service, which provided aid to the less fortunate, reflect her deep commitment to social justice and human dignity. Her legacy as a humanitarian continues to inspire acts of kindness and community service. Commemorating Teresa Hsu Chih on banknotes honors her humanitarian contributions and her unwavering commitment to social welfare, underscoring the value of empathy and generosity in society.

Teresa Hsu Chih is depicted on the 20-dollar note to commemorate Singapore's bicentennial (Banknote Book B219).

South Korea: Shin Saim-dang

Shin Saim-dang was a prominent artist, calligrapher, and poet during the Joseon Dynasty in Korea. Born on 29 October 1504, she is also known as the mother of the renowned Confucian scholar Yi I (Yulgok). Shin Saim-dang's artistic talents and her role as a virtuous mother have made her an iconic figure in Korean history.

Shin Saim-dang's contributions to Korean art and culture include her exquisite paintings and poetry, which continue to be admired for their beauty and sophistication. Her embodiment of Confucian virtues and her influence on her son's education highlight her importance in Korean history. Featuring her on South Korean banknotes celebrates her contributions to Korean art and culture and her influence on future generations, symbolizing the integration of cultural heritage and moral integrity.

Shin Saim-dang is featured on the obverse of the 50000 won issued in 2009 (Banknote Book B253 Pick 57).

Thailand: Queen Sirikit

Queen Sirikit of Thailand, born on 12 August 1932, is revered for her role in promoting Thai culture, arts, and social welfare. As the wife of King Bhumibol Adulyadej, she has been a significant figure in Thai public life for decades. Her initiatives in promoting traditional Thai crafts, supporting rural development, and advocating for the welfare of women and children have left a lasting impact on Thai society.

Queen Sirikit's contributions include the establishment of foundations that encourage traditional Thai handicrafts and provide sustainable livelihoods for rural communities. Her efforts in promoting Thai culture and her dedication to social causes have earned her immense respect and admiration. The Queen is featured on numerous of Thailand's banknotes listed below.

Queen Sirikit is featured on the obverse and reverse of the 50 Baht and 500000 Baht banknotes to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Royal Wedding (Banknote Book BNP108 and BNP109, Pick 105 and 106), 100 Baht banknote to commemorate the Queen's 72nd birthday (Banknote Book BNP111 and Pick 111), 80 Baht banknote to commemorate the Queen's 80th birthday (Banknote Book BNP118 and Pick 125), and reverse of the 1000 Baht introduced in 1992 (Banknote Book B165 Pick 92), 1000 Baht to commemorate the Queen's 60th birthday (Banknote Book B166 Pick 96), 16 Baht to commemorate King Bhumibhol's 80th birthday (Banknote Book BNP114 Pick 117), 100 Baht banknote to the 60th anniversary of the Royal Wedding (Banknote Book B116 Pick 123), 500 Baht banknote to commemorate the Queen's 84th birthday (Banknote Book B187 Pick 129), and the 1000 Baht special commemorative series banknote (Banknote Book B192 Pick 134).

Thailand: Princess Sirindhorn

Princess Sirindhorn, the daughter of King Bhumibol Adulyadej and Queen Sirikit, is known for her extensive work in education, public health, and cultural preservation. Born on 2. April 1955, Princess Sirindhorn's dedication to improving the lives of Thai people earned her immense respect and admiration. Her projects in rural development, education, and healthcare have significantly benefited many communities in Thailand.

Princess Sirindhorn's initiatives include the promotion of scientific research, the preservation of Thai cultural heritage, and the support of educational programs for disadvantaged communities. Her hands-on approach and her genuine concern for the well-being of her fellow citizens have made her a beloved figure in Thailand.

Princess Sirindhorn is featured on the reverse of the 100 Baht banknote to commemorate the Princess' 60th birthday (Banknote Book B186 Pick 127).

Conclusion

The women featured on the banknotes of various Asian countries represent a diverse array of achievements and contributions to their respective nations. From royalties and political leaders to artists and educators, these women have left an indelible mark on their societies. Commemorating them on banknotes not only honors their legacies but also serves as an inspiration for future generations to continue striving for progress and excellence.

Their stories remind us of the important role that women have played in shaping history and culture across Asia. As these banknotes circulate, they carry with them the powerful narratives of these remarkable women, ensuring that their contributions are remembered and celebrated for years to come. The inclusion of these women on currency underscores the value of recognizing and honoring the diverse contributions of women in the development and enrichment of nations.

What is the significance of featuring women on Asian banknotes?

Featuring women on Asian banknotes is a growing recognition of their significant contributions to their nations' history, culture, and development. It honors their achievements in diverse fields like politics, education, and social reform, serving as a powerful inspiration for future generations and a testament to their indelible mark on society.

Which founding figures or independence leaders from Asian nations are honored on their banknotes?

Several women recognized for their role in national founding or independence are featured. These include Sheikh Hasina Wazed (Bangladesh), daughter of the founding father, for her leadership in democracy and development. Indonesia honors resistance fighters Cut Nyak Dhien and Tjut Meutiah for their bravery against colonial rule. The Philippines features Corazon Aquino for restoring democracy post-Marcos.

Which Asian banknotes feature women recognized for their contributions to arts, literature, or social reform?

Japan honors pioneering writer Ichiyo Higuchi on its 5000-yen note for her literary impact depicting women's lives. South Korea features artist Shin Saim-dang on its 50000 won banknote for her contributions to art, calligraphy, and her role as a virtuous mother. The Philippines also features social worker and educator Josefa Llanes Escoda for her advocacy of women's rights and social welfare.

Are there any royal figures or queens from Asian monarchies depicted on banknotes?

Yes, royal figures are featured. Bhutan honors its young Queen, Jetsun Pema, on the 100 Ngultrum commemorative note for her commitment to social causes and sustainable development. Thailand extensively features Queen Sirikit for her role in promoting Thai culture and social welfare, and Princess Sirindhorn for her work in education and public health.

What do the depictions of these influential women on banknotes symbolize?

The depictions symbolize a diverse range of values and achievements. They can represent struggles for independence, national unity, courage, social reform, educational advancement, scientific inquiry, literary excellence, and patriotism. Their presence ensures their legacies are remembered and celebrated for shaping their respective nations.